Business Environment. Understanding the Organisational Purposes of Business

Introduction In this assignment I am going to identify the purposes of different types of organisations, describe the extent to which an organisation meets the objectives of different stakeholders and explain the responsibilities of an organisation and strategies employed to meet them. I am also going to give examples based on my own personal experience. Identify the purposes of different types of organisation Business organisations can be divided mainly into two sectors. The private sector, which is formed by sole traders, partnerships, companies and franchises. The sole trader is the most popular form of business ownership. This kind of business is managed by only one individual who puts all of his savings and his time into making it a success. He is his own boss but it also has a negative aspect which is that he has to deal with a lot of responsibilities. For example window cleaning, plumbing. Partnerships can have between two and twenty partners. There can be exceptions for some forms of partnerships such as big accountancy firms whose partners also enjoy limited liability. This means that they can only loose the amount of money that they have invested even if the business goes bankrupt. E. g. vets, solicitors. Companies are owned by shareholders who choose Directors to give direction to the business. The Chief Executive has the responsibility of making the most important decisions. Specialist Managers will be appointed to run the company on behalf of the Board. Shareholders put funds into the company by buying shares. Every company must register with the Registrar of Companies, and must have an official address. Private companies have Ltd after their name. They are normally smaller than public companies. Shares in a private company can only be bought and sold with permission of the Board of Directors. Franchises are businesses in which someone gets formal permission given by a company to sell its goods or services in a particular area. The business policies have to be the same in every establishment. The franchise pays a sum of money as capital and the franchisor is responsible of the equipment. The first one must buy a certain amount of supplies from the econd in order to make sure that the quality of the product is the same as the original. This together with a percentage of the profits of the business goes to the franchisor. The advantages of Franchises are that they have a well-known name. For example McDonalds. The main aim of all of these private organisations is to make a profit. Other goals consist on having a good customer service, gaining a good reputation, offering quality product s, etc. Even when they do charity events these organisations earn a profit on the long run because of the positive publicity they obtain. This will make them increase their number of customers and make them look more competitive towards their rivals. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and businesses that are owned by government. A Public Limited Company has its shares traded on the Stock Exchange, which can make it win a large sum of money in a very short period of time. On the contrary the original shareholders could lose the control of the business if large quantities of shares are bought as part of a takeover. To create a Public Limited Company the directors must apply to the Stock Exchange Council, which will check the accounts. Non- Profit organisations receive donations or funds from groups or governments. All the money they earn from selling goods, which have usually been donated by the public, goes straight back into the organisation to improve the quality of their service. The aim of the public sector is not to generate a profit but also not to waste money just to generate enough to be able to continue with their community services. Describe the extent to which an organisation meets the objectives of different stakeholders A stakeholder is a person, group or organisation that has a direct or indirect stake in an organisation because it can affect or be affected by the organisations actions, objectives and policies. The following are different types of stakeholders which you could find in the private sector. Owners or shareholders who want the business to be a success because they have invested their own capital and expect to gain a profit out of it. An organisation has legal and moral obligations to its owners being the most important one to try and ensure that they receive an adequate return on their investment. Employees are a vital part of any organisation. In order for a business to succeed it needs to offer a nice working atmosphere and pay good wages to their employees to keep them motivated at the workplace. One way to achieve this is by implanting performance related bonuses which are usually related to the success of the business as a whole. In this case both parties will be satisfied with the end result. Unions. Their goal is to better the employees work conditions by trying to increase wages and secure jobs. Managers usually have a fluent verbal communication with the union’s spokesperson to avoid any conflicts that could occur if their demands are not materialised even if not completely in some way. Customers. A business has to know how to fulfil their customers’ needs which includes offering quality products at a reasonable price, that the goods they have gone to purchase are available because otherwise they will go to the competition to get them and that they receive good customer care. All of these factors will make the organisation have a fixed clientele because they will come back if the experience has been good and it will also make it gain customers thanks to the word of mouth recommendations. All of the above are primary stakeholders as they have some direct interest or stake in the organisation. Secondary stakeholders are public or special interest groups that do not have a direct stake in the organisation but are still affected by its operations. Some examples could be the local, state, and federal government, trade and industry groups, media, competitors, etc. Explain the responsibilities of an organisation and strategies employed to meet them Organisations not only have moral and ethical responsibilities towards a range of stakeholders but also towards the wider community. The term Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to the responsibilities that modern business organisations have to create a healthy and prosperous society. They also have legal responsibilities which include consumer and product laws, environment laws and employment laws. These laws obligate the organisation to create new jobs, reduce contamination by for example using plastic bags that can be recycled, etc. nd at the same time they are doing something good for the community. Corporate Social Responsibility involves making sure that the organisations goods and services meet the customers’ demands and are provided in a fair way and also that they are involved in relevant sponsorship and humanitarian activities to help social development. Normally there are e ight main types of strategies in which an organisation can be involved with at any time: Growth involves the expansion of a business, its markets, products, size, etc. For an organisation to grow it needs to find up and coming markets where they will be able to make a profit. Stability involves a consolidation strategy for the organisation. There must be set guidelines so that the business can keep on working efficiently even if changes occur. Profitability. Gaining a profit is essential for nearly every organisation especially for the private sector where shareholders have a lot of influence. Efficiency consists on using the means the organisation has in the right way. It is an important strategy for public sector service organisations to demonstrate that the taxpayer’s money has been used properly. Market leadership strategies are about being the best in your market. The market leader can obtain cheaper stock because they buy larger amounts of it. Survival. In such a competitive business environment survival is the key to be able to continue advancing. Merger and acquisition makes the organisations benefit from the advantages of integration by for example gaining new customers. Globalisation strategies involve expanding internationally to countries where normally the cost of production is lower and this will make them gain a larger profit. Based on my personal experience in the private sector in which I have worked for McDonalds and for El Corte Ingles I have observed several differences. On the one hand, McDonalds which is a franchise, pays the minimum wage and their clientele is formed by the working class. On the other hand, El Corte Ingles, which is the first distribution group of Spain in the sales volume sector and is formed by eighty department stores all over the Spanish territory. The wages are higher than in McDonalds and the products they offer are usually select. For this reason customers range from middle to upper class. Both are commercial organisations which means that their income must be bigger than their expenses. Conclusion In conclusion I have learnt that for an organisation to be successful it needs to adapt to the current situation and has to develop new strategies to be able to compete with rivals. Offering quality products at a reasonable price will make customers buy more which will activate the economy and the organisation will still gain a profit. References The Times 100 Business case studies. Revision theory – Strategy theory. www. businesscasestudies. co. uk VCE IT Lecture Notes – Organisational goals. www. vceit. com :

Look at the opening of Nicolas Hytner Essay

   The music gets faster as he finds his way through the trees and bushes, Then he comes close to the area where the girls are though he does not it is them the music changes to a drum beat with Parris’ footsteps being able to be heard. The camera changes back to the girls with Abigail walking up to Tituba and then Abigail whispers in Abigail’s ear and Tituba looks scared and shocked as she say no. Abigail then turns around to the pot runs to it and picks up the chicken by its feet and hits its head of a rock breaking its neck the Abigail drinks the blood of the chicken. Then Abigail takes her clothes off, all the girls are screaming then one of the girls sees Parris coming towards them so they all run away except Betty who says that she cannot move. The camera angles through all of this were very fast and furious. Then everything starts to slow down with a picture of Parris on his own looking at the cauldron he lifts up the large spoon inside the pot and drops as if he was scared of it, when he see the chicken as well he gets annoyed though he is a bit scared. The next scene shows Betty in her bed, with a suspicion of witchcraft floating about the place. Only Tituba and Abigail are in the room with Betty there have about eight minutes of filming yet we hear no words spoken. There is obvious tension between Tituba and Abigail over what has happened. More tension is shown when Parris questions Abigail about the incident in the forest. Now music is played again with Abigail saying that they danced but Parris suspects witch craft though Abigail is saying that no spirits have been conjured. The next scene is of Elizabeth and John Proctor who are showing a lot of tension. This tension is raised because John Proctor had an affair with there former servant, and guess who that servant was†¦ Abigail Williams. The scene starts of quite pleasant really with John Proctor and his sons working, the music is quite cheerful, the camera angles are quite far of. John Proctor and his go inside with his sons going to bed and him going to have his dinner. Elizabeth gives it to him without speaking but when they do speak it is about how there marriage is falling apart. Then the final scene of tension is in Church with the whole village there when a song is sung the girls go over to Betty’s room then Abigail speaks to Betty saying she has told her father everything that happened in the woods. Then like lightning Betty wakes up with her saying â€Å"I bet you never told him that you drank a charm Abby, a charm to kill Goody Proctor†. Then the music gets very loud this is emphasising how important this scene really is. The others girls get quite scared and start to walk away so Abigail threatens them that she would kill anyone who tells on her doings. The camera is only on Abigail, but then Betty jumps up shouting she wants her mom and tries to fly to her out of the window but the girls hold her back and everyone in the church rubs out to them. This causes a lot of tension between all the girls and makes witch craft a better conclusion to what has been happening. In conclusion to Nicolas Hytner’s film of the play â€Å"The Crucible† was directed extremely well making them beginning of the film already better to the book the film sets the scene better and I believe that it also creates more tension. Also with the plot being so old it was sometimes easier to understand the words better with them being said correctly and with also being able to see what is going on. Nicolas Hytner has used cinematic features to the best they could be in this film there fore making the filming better for all viewers. Matthew Brooke English Coursework 20th Century Drama Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our  GCSE Arthur Miller  section.

Analysis of the problems

This case study highlights about the analysis of the problems, background, theories, and action plans. Before exploring Tucker Company, it is necessary to know the background including its past and present. It will be discussed further about the problems in Tucker Company that occurred when it reorganizing its company into 3 new divisions. The 3 new divisions are also known as 3 new product lines of Tucker Company. In the following point, it draws the relation among those problems with some managements theories. In the end of this report, it will also be provided what the company should do to solve those problems. II)Case background Tucker Company carried out an extensive restructuring I 1978 which divide the company into three major product lines and will lead by a new vice – president and he will report to Mr. Harnett, the CEO of Tucker Company. The new product lines were commercial jet engines, military jet engines and utility turbines. Each division would have their departments such as manufacturing, engineering and accounting department. There was a old laboratory which continue support the three main division after the reorganization. Mr Hodge was the new manager of the laboratory manager in 1988. He focused more on his own advancement more than the company’s development. Few months later, several conflicts occurred in his laboratory and he was the main reason which caused this conflicts. Argument happened between Mr. Hodge and Mr. Franklin, the manager of engineering department over the implementation of the results and the time of handling his request taking a longer time under his management. The arguments between Mr. Hodge and Mr. Franklin occur successively and caused one of the Mr. Franklin’s projects failed. III) Problem analysis Problem that occurred in Tucker Company is conflict while the progressing of Tucker Companys reorganization its company into 3 principle product lines. It was about personal conflict between Hodge and Franklin who disagreed over the implementation of the materials. Even though it was personal problem, it could affect all aspects of the company and it might become a crucial matter. The engineer of the utility turbine division, Mr. Franklin, wanted his department to be in charge in final decision of the materials. Meanwhile, Mr. Hodge, the new laboratory manager, as the replacement of the previous laboratory manager which was Mr. Garfield. Mr. Hodge stated that he is a metallurgist. Thus, the final decision should be on him. Unlike Mr. Garfield, from the point of view of Mr. Hodges peers, he was more interested in his own advancement rather than companys advancement. IV)a)Theories Management theory – divisional structure Divisional structure can be defined as a structure which usually consists of several parallel teams focusing on a single product or service line. Tucker Company applies this divisional structure and divides into 3 product lines which were commercial jet engines, military jet engines and utility turbines. There were some advantages and disadvantages of this divisional structure. i)Advantage The advantage of using divisional structure was that every team or group will be focused on a single product and supported by a leadership structure. The manager has to divide the workers with same abilities and talents into a same group and focus on the product which they were expertise in. Through this method, the company will become more effective and will have higher productivity. Furthermore, due to the division, it is easier for manager to measure their performance. Another advantage by applying this divisional structure will be each product lines were self sufficient and flexible. The divisional structure was designed so each teams or groups were self-sufficient which means each group will have its own department. For instance, in Tucker Company, 3 new product lines will have its own department such as engineering department, manufacturing department and accounting department and these groups will operate separately so that these groups can focused on a particular goal. ii)Disadvantage On the other hand, the disadvantage for this divisional structure was the cost of operations was usually very high. In Tucker Company, each products line will have their departments and each department needed its own resources and these will increase the cost of operations. In addition, each product lines will have 1 divisional head and conflicts between divisional heads will occurred when every divisional heads wants to show their supremacy. Company could not operate well if every divisional heads would not cooperate well and could not meet the company’s goals and objective. b)Theory of scarcity First of all, scarcity means unlimited wants and limited resources and it was impossible for a company to meet all goals at the same time. Same problem happened in Tucker Company. Tucker Company has 3 products lines but only 1 laboratory. It was simply means that the company has scarce resources which refer to the laboratory. 3 departments are using 1 laboratory at the laboratory cannot used by three departments at the same time. So they have to choose which departments have to use first and other department shave to give up using it. Argument between departments will eventually occurred and these argument only can be solved or minimize by maximized the resources.

Writer's choice Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Crisis, Home Mortgages, Financial Institutions and Adverse Selection - Case Study Example The obvious association between the two comes from the fact that the mortgage market contraction, which in many countries evolved into a recession in 2008-2009, was led by intensive use of certain complicated financial instruments such as CDOs and CDSs in the United States and other countries. It should be recognized that virtually any financial product holds dangers and can be improperly used. Potential problems are likely to increase the complexity of the instruments, the insufficiency of information conveyed by sellers, and the lack of due diligence on the part of investors (Carey, 2009). The huge mortgage securitization of current years seemingly had poor performance in the areas. Mortgage securitization in the successful years did not bring any help to reduce the problems that occurred in information that are characteristic of credit transactions. Appropriate risk assessment did not induce the same characteristics. Role of securitization in mortgage lending The roles of securitization in mortgage include barking up securities, collateralized debt obligation and structure invested vehicles (Barger, 2008). In today’s setting, one that gets a loan is likely to sell the loan to a third party which can be government agencies, an institution in the private sector or government-sponsored entities. The mortgage is then sold with payment rights to the investors. The process can be long as the mortgage can be sold to several other people. The process is what is referred to as securitization. The main role that is played by the process is a conversion of mortgages to mortgage-backed up securities. In mortgage backed up securities, the payments that are made are based on collection from individual mortgages.Mortgage-backed securities were supposed to be sound investments as they were rated by genuine rating agencies. The securities, however, did not happen as planned and the hazard led to the crisis.  

Water and Sustainability Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Water and Sustainability - Term Paper Example Extensive research focusing and elaborating the significance and need of the freshwater bodies have expanded considerably during the past decade, although such critical information and knowledge gained has not been integrated so far, for the development of an efficient water management framework. However certain countries and regions such as North America, Chile, South Africa, the E.U. and Australia among others are an exception to this general rule, since these regions have witnessed the successful establishment of appropriate policies and approaches aimed at preventing the deterioration of freshwater and protecting the environment from further damage. In the face of adversities, and innumerable setbacks in the form of political and socio-economic measures, these policies are indicative of a struggle at the international level, to ensure better management of water together with the protection of the priceless ecosystems. Many water experts in the U.S. and other countries have argued that water markets, tradable water rights, and related economic approaches are important policy tools for improving the long-term sustainability of water uses and ecosystems. Water in existing times, has become an extremely rare and hence precious commodity, which supports the basic survival and sanitation needs of billions of people across the globe. The current issues related to environmental degradation which has taken a toll on global water bodies, has confronted the human population with strategic issues related essential for the sustenance of life on earth.

Twitter & Navigation Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Twitter & Navigation - Coursework Example The following is the formula used to translate the coordinates: Decimal Degrees = Degrees + minutes/60 + seconds/3600 After configuring the degrees of the points the group must plot these positions on the paper map. The lack of identifying local landmarks or road signs in any case would cause issues with accuracy on pinpointing location. In order to avoid lack of accuracy a group should use some form of tracking device. For this project the iPhone is issued as a viable tracking device to be used secondary to the laptop. In reference to the project, a group encountered a problem when uploading data. The group had covered the laptop tracking device and could not retrieve a track record. The issued was solved by enabling the tracking system on the iPhone. The understanding that can be developed in this case is that the use of the paper map without assistance from electronics could be crippling. Utilizing a GPS as the main source for navigation and finding places has different outcome po ssibilities. Naturally coordinates have to be enabled on the system. This can be done by entering the same decimal degrees as map groups. The GPS will calculate and pinpoint these locations automatically. The tracking system within the GPS will develop a path for the group. However, the issue here can be based solely on the accuracy of the device. Should the pseudorandom code and the local copy of the coordinates be flawed by heavy error there will be destinations that do not match up. In the case of groups there should be a second record to show how accurate the findings are. In this case the use of a local map is implemented to show the right destination of the course. What can be picked up using the GPS method is that the accuracy of the device is hardly incapable of being disrupted. For that reason, individuals should not depend on one GPS result or test. A more accurate reading could be done if more than three devices are used. In general the use of a GPS system in combination with a map could be a suitable match. Though the project requires the use of paper maps and devices separately, they were typically used together to confirm information. The laptops were tracking as GPS devices would and the local area maps were a considerable replica of those paper maps. Twitter Twitter has an entire system is based on an Open System Environment. Currently, the users are implementing a Geo-tagging API to allow themselves to create TwitterVision, #UKSnow, and Trendsmaps in connection with Google Maps. With Geo-tagging one basically uses an iPhone (with viable signal) to deliver a corresponding coordinate to the system that transfers the iPhone signal into a location tag. Focusing more on the use of open systems can qualify the Twitter system to implement forums for educational environments and a larger scale of customer to business purchases as used in Second Life. The only major improvement that could be linked to the mapping system at present could be a location t o location open video attachment blog in real time to create a video conferencing concept. There is a current possibility of geo-tagging a video to a map using a camcorder that is GPS enabled. The basic concept is to utilize the available system the same as one would to geotag a photo (Catt 1). Should the concept of open software be generated to act as a system such as CISCO Webex there would be a live feed to connect universal Geo-taggers. This way individuals that use Geo-tagging for mapping could also enable real time video messaging

Multifibre Agreement Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Multifibre Agreement - Case Study Example 1966: June The United Kingdom implements a global quota scheme in violation of the LTA. (The LTA provides only for product-specific restraints.) 1967: April Agreement is reached to extend the LTA for three years. 1969-71 The United States negotiates VERs with Asian suppliers on wool and man-made fibres. 1970: October Agreement is reached to extend the LTA for three years. (It was later extended an additional three months to fill the gap until the MFA came into effect.) 1973: December It is agreed that the MFA will begin on January 1, 1974, and last for four years. 1977: July-December The European Economic Community and the United States negotiate bilateral agreements with developing countries prior to agreeing to extension of the MFA. 1977: December The MFA is extended for four years. 1981: December The MFA is renewed for five years. The United States, under pressure from increased imports resulting from dollar appreciation, negotiates tough quotas. 1986: July The MFA is extended for five years, to conclude with Uruguay Round. 1991: July The MFA is extended pending the outcome of the Uruguay Round negotiations. 1993: December The Uruguay Round (UR) draft final act provides for a 10-year phase-out of all MFA and other quotas on textiles in ATC. MFA extended until UR comes into force. 1995: January 1 1st ATC tranche liberalised by importing countries - 16% of 1990 import volume. 1998: January 1 2nd ATC tranche liberalized by importing countries - 17% of 1990 import volume. 2002: January 1 3rd ATC tranche liberalised by importing countries - 18% of 1990 import volume. 2005: January 1 4th ATC tranche liberalised by importing countries - 49% of... The nineteenth century saw the beginning of the formation of unions, for the purpose of protecting the rights of the citizens. From then on, as each country gained freedom from colonial rule, it started to go in for organized employment and trade activities. There are unions and associations for employment, for domestic trade activities and international trade activities. To protect the rights of its people, some countries have agreed and signed pacts on the quantity of each commodity that can be imported or exported into a country. Before we embark on a detailed analysis of the Multifibre agreement and its impact on international trade, let us have a look into the actions and agreements that were made before the Multifibre agreement came into force. Source: Based on D. Spinanger, "Faking Liberalization and Finagling Protectionism: The ATC at Its Best", Background Paper for the WTO 2000 Negotiations: Mediterranean Interests and Perspectives, Cairo. The textile and clothing industry is one which has constantly increasing trade flows all over the world. Globalization and liberalization had exposed the European Union industry to increased competition from a large number of low-labor cost countries (especially from Asia).This sector constitutes one of the most important sources of income and employment for various countries in Asia, esp.

Importance of Advertising for Firms in Monopolistic Competition Essay

Importance of Advertising for Firms in Monopolistic Competition - Essay Example This paper illustrates that advertising is an important feature of firms that sell differentiated products. Firms found in a monopolistic competition, oligopoly and at times even monopoly market structure practice advertising. Monopolistic competition is a market structure with a large number of firms making a similar product. However, each firm’s product is differentiated from its competitors and hence is unique. An example of such a market structure is fast-food restaurants. Although these fast-food restaurants such as Hardee’s, McDonald’s, Burger King, Subway, Wendy’s and KFC provide the same product, that is, fast-food, however, each of their products has some differentiation which makes it unique from their competitors. An oligopoly is a market dominated by a few large firms. An example of an oligopoly market structure is of cigarettes. Just like monopolistic competition firms in an oligopoly also have differentiated products. Due to this product diff erentiation, these firms are able to attract customers. Advertising is then done to create brand loyalty. Brand loyalty is the faithfulness of customers to a particular brand expressed through repeated purchases from that brand without coming into the market pressure generated by its competitors. As a result, firms spend heavily on their advertising campaign so that customers stick to their brand and are not won over by their competitors’ brands. Although advertising is necessary to create brand loyalty much also depends on the nature of the product and the elasticity of demand for the product.... However, firms are profit maximizing. Firms advertise because they want to increase the demand for their product and hence their profits. When firms advertise just to increase the demand for its own product then it might hurt the rivals. A firm may use advertising to differentiate its product from its competitors. For example in the case of the fast-food restaurant industry Hardee’s may advertise a different type of burger which is not produced by the other competitors. Such advertising would help Hardee’s to attract customers not only outside the fast-food market but also existing customers of its competitors. This example clearly shows that if Hardee’s is able to advertise its new burger successfully then it will be able to increase the demand for its product leading to higher revenues that will result in a greater profit. Advertising is also done to create barriers to entry so that more firms cannot enter the market and find it hard to compete. For example an existing firm like Coca Cola will advertise to increase its customer base in the soft drink market. Through its advertising campaigns Coca Cola will be able to create brand loyalty. If a new firm wants to enter the soft drink market it would find it very hard to attract customers because firms like Coca Cola have already captured the market and created brand loyalty amongst their customers. Advertising also helps to make the demand for a product relatively inelastic. Once the demand is inelastic the customers buy the firm’s product even when the price of the product rises. A benefit of this inelasticity to the firm is that even if the business is not doing well and profits are low the firm can still generate greater profits by charging its customers a

White-Collar Crime Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

White-Collar Crime - Assignment Example The aim of counterfeiting encompasses making profit unfairly off another company’s good reputation. White-collar crimes are not depended upon the application of threat of physical force or violence but involve deception, manipulation, subterfuge, concealment or violation of trust while the other crimes involve threatening the life of an individual directly or causing violence. According to my opinion, white-collar crimes should have face severe punishments than other types of crimes. This is because the result of white-collar crime is increased economic hardship for the normal citizen and consumer. Economic hardship in this case refers to both exploitation and even interferes with a certain state’s currency. Hence, increased cost passes onto the ordinary citizen or consumer in terms of hiked prices and decreased quality of services, for instance, software corporations. Imitating a certain company’s original software or goods, which it produces by these fraudsters mainly tarnishes long earned reputation. This is because consumer may start rating that firms very based on fake components in the market, which criminals have sold out to

Westfailure System by Susan Strange Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Westfailure System by Susan Strange - Essay Example On social sphere, strong connection of social suffering with economic inequality causes wide gap between rich and poor classes, which potentially leads to uprisings. Thus, current power balance in terms of state sovereignty cannot manage all the domestic and global challenges the world faces today. On another hand, Mearsheimer’s ‘E.H.Carr vs. Idealism: The Battle Rages On’ (2005) discusses the role of power from both realist and idealist perspectives. Precisely, the author wants to draw the line and find possible compromise in describing state’s nature between its realist willingness to obtain power and proclaimed liberal ideals. Moreover, the author raises deep concern on neglecting of realist thinkers in contemporary academic circles. Even though states during post-Cold War world justify their actions by idealist rhetoric, Mearsheimer by citing Carr blames them to hide the real power interests behind them. Thus, explaining contemporary states and their be havior on international stage in only liberal terms is the wrong way of understanding global reality.2. State and power arguments in the presented articles and commonalities between themSpecifically, both authors construct their arguments by using concepts of state and power in different environments. In this section, there is a detailed description of the arguments presented in both researches with summarizing commonalities between them.As for Strange, she sees state in the broader context than only through appearance as political entity.

The theme of loneliness the most in the novel Of Mice And Men Essay Example for Free

The theme of loneliness the most in the novel Of Mice And Men Essay A guy goes nuts if he aint got nobody. Dont matter no difference who the guy is, longs he with you. I tell ya a guy gets to lonely an he gets sick. This is a very interesting definition of loneliness brought to us by Crooks, one of the pivotal characters, along with Candy and Curleys wife, whom develop the theme of loneliness the most in the novel. Steinbecks novel Of Mice and Men is set at the time of the Great Depression after the stock market crash of 1929. The currency is almost worthless and people can afford little possessions. Due to the situation, many people move from place to place to find work. This means they are never in one place long enough to form any relationships, thus being a very lonely existence: Guys like us, that live on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. George and Lennie are the two main characters of the novel, they find work in a ranch near Soledad: even the name of the small town recalls Solitude, furthermore soledad means loneliness in Spanish. Which emphasises the power and role loneliness has in the novel. Steinbeck infact emphasises loneliness, powerlessness, and isolation, and his hatred for it throughout the novel. He contrasts this with the companionship of George and Lennie. They are the only men who actually travel together,and look out for each other, and this is proved by the way everyone is suspicious of their friendship. The three characters I have chosen to describe the theme of loneliness are very jealous of the two mens friendship. They are: Crooks, Candy and Curleys wife. Crooks is a black man that is isolated because of the racist society of the early Twentieth Century. The loneliness that Crooks feels is created by the discrimination of the white ranchers towards him. Crooks does not know how to relate to other people because he is mistreated, he is disrespected and isolated: he cant participate at the daily events with the other white people, he doesnt know how to control his frustration and therefore is angry at everyone. Cause Im black. They play cards in there, but I cant play because Im Black. They say I stink. Well I tell you, you all stink to me! Moreover, no one likes living in a barn and working with horses all day long, Crooks spends all his nights reading to take shelter from society. Crooks is fascinated by George and Lennies strong friendship Well, spose, jus spose he dont come back. Whatll you do then? Crooks asks such questions, because having no friends he doesnt know how it feels. he tries in every way to seek understanding and to begin friendships with other people, he would do anything to come out of his solitude and depression. If youguys would want a hand to work for nothing Just his keep, why Id come an lend a hand. I aint so crippled I can work like a son-of-a-bitch if I want to. Crooks, too, experiences the emotional bleakness of the majority of the characters drawn by Steinbeck in this story, as shown in his jealousy of George and Lennies friendship and his desire to join in the dream of part-owning their own ranch. Crooks wants to participate in George and Lennies dream not only because he wants to leave the hostile ranch he works in but because he too wants to be involved in their friendship. Candy is an old, physically disabled swamper. He has worked on the ranch for a great part of his life, and it is on this very farm he was victim of a machinery accident which cost his hand, leaving him behind money but loneliness. His old age and his handicap make him feel useless, this thought makes him more handicapped than his missing hand. He feels like a useless old man who is wasting the last few years of his miserable life. He is haunted by the idea of losing his job because he is a cripple and that this will then further lead him to death. I got hurt four years ago. Theyll can purty soon. Jusas soon as I cant swamp out no bunk houses theyll put me on the county Candy thinks that no one wants to be his friend because he has missing a hand. He is often invited by the other people on the ranch to drink and play cards but always refuses because he has a very low self-esteem, so Candy is putting a loneliness tag on himself and not the other people. At the end he tries to make friends joining George and Lennies dream: to have their own ranch. This is one of Candys feeble attempts to make place for himself in society, and to give himself a goal in life. Ill wash the dishes an little chick stuff like that. But Ill be on your own place, an Ill be let to work on our own place. After Candy lost his dog he felt even more lonely than before, his dog was the only possession Candy actually owned and that he could take care of by himself. After his death Candy owned nothing, not one important thing. The relationship between Candy and his dog is the same as that between George and Lennie. While George had Lennie and the other ranchers had each other, Candy on the other hand had no one, and this led him to depression and loneliness. No one else in the book shared the same dreams as Candy. This is why he so desperately seeks attention from George and Lenny. He even offers them money, but as its well known money doesnt buy friendship Maybe if I give you money, youll let me how in the garden even after I aint no good at it. Curleys wife is another pivotal character and her hasty marriage to Curley proves to be another failed attempt of escaping from her own spiral of loneliness. In addition, his failure to satisfy her either emotionally or physically leads her to seek solace in the other men even those at the very bottom of the social hierarchy of the ranch. Curleys wife is a tease to everybody on the ranch. She will dress and act in a provocative way. She uses her beautiful body to attract attention; she does this so she will feel less lonely. These acts make her feel wanted and important, because she always has everyones eyes on her, but at the same it gives her a bad reputation, and so none of the ranchers wants to talk to her. This seek for attention prevents her from getting rid of the sexual image the other men have of her. Maybe you better go along to you own house now. We dont want no trouble. George sees Curleys wife as a very dangerous threat, he soon refers to her as rat trap. This shows us how radical sexism was like in the 1930s and how woman were treated in that society. Although the sympathy we at first feel for her soon diminishes due to her cruelty, and the she treats: Candy Crooks and Lennie referring to them as a nigger an a dum- dum and a lousy ol sheep moreover she dismisses their dream as Balony. Curleys wife notices how simple-minded Lennie is and takes advantage of that situation. She knows that Lennie is the only person, with whom she can discuss her problems. Her type of loneliness is caused when there is no one around you to talk to. This underlines the sexist society of the time, a society that didnt care of a womens opinion; a society that only looked at women in cat houses and brothels. Curleys wife was aware of this and tried to seek attention through her body, Maybe Curleys wife demanded too much of Lennys simple mind, more that what he could give to her: without meaning to, he kills her. Curleys wifes death can be seen both as a tragedy and as something positive because she ended all of her sufferings. All these three characters are very alike even though they have different types of solitude, because everyone tries to solve their problems in some way. All three also try to get closer to George and Lennis friendship. Solitude is an inevitable fact of life, an important phase of growth that not even the strongest people can avoid.

Homer Simpson and Contemporary American Values of Fatherhood Essay Example for Free

Homer Simpson and Contemporary American Values of Fatherhood Essay The Simpsons is one of the many television shows in the United States of America which features a full length cartoon narrating the everyday lives of a family. The show makes us confront the absurdities of how some Americans live through the jovial portrayals and behaviors of the characters in the animated show. While each of the members of the Simpson’s family represent a several prevalent attitudes of Americans—some bordering on the obscene and some bordering on the good—the viewer’s perceptions not only about the American society in which he or she lives in but also about his or her self is challenged. The show seems to attempt to push its viewers to reexamine their lives, reflecting on each character in the Simpson’s family and the rest of the characters in the show. In general, the Simpson household is a dysfunctional family, never aging through the course of the show in years and often ends the show portraying the family members still loving one another despite the odds. For the most part, the Simpson’s family both reinforce and subvert contemporary American values in a number of ways. Each episode highlights the struggles of the family members of the Simpson household and the neighborhood, sometimes reaffirming several social stereotypes and sometimes challenging our comfort zones and our accepted beliefs. In any case, it is important to note that even the seemingly absurd gestures and encounters of every character in the animated show point to contemporary American values that may be either subverted or reinforced, depending on the interpretation of the viewer in most cases. Homer Simpson, the father of the household, embodies the typical American dad. He is a father who enjoys drinking his beer—specifically called â€Å"Duff†Ã¢â‚¬â€who is physically overweight and who is protective of his family. He works at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant despite his careless characteristic, thereby suggesting that he has this potential to bring chaos to the rest of the community with his slightest mistakes while at work. Apparently, Homer’s characteristics reflect the typical American father who has the responsibility to raise his kids and secure the welfare of his family. His character subverts the contemporary American perception that divorce oftentimes results from a family that is dysfunctional. Despite his failures to provide for several needs of the Simpson household, he has never resorted to divorcing his wife, Marge. At the end of the day, Homer finds himself at home together with his wife in bed looking forward to the coming day ahead. Moreover, Homer has been shown to have a strong regard for the welfare of his family in difficult times, such as in â€Å"Lisa the Beauty Queen† (1992) where he sold his prized car in order to enter her daughter, Lisa, into a beauty pageant to make her feel better and in â€Å"A Millhouse Divided† (1996) where he arranged for a second wedding for his wife, Marge, to compensate for their unsatisfactory first wedding ceremony. On the other hand, some of Homer’s characteristics also reinforce some contemporary American values. One of these values is the thinking that typical American fathers spend their time drinking beer and submitting themselves to their weaknesses quite easily. Some of Homer’s weaknesses are his strong craving for doughnuts, his aggressive behavior in difficult times or in times when he is not able to complete his tasks and his low intelligence. In general, these things reinforce the stereotype of the American dad, reflecting the cultural struggle of the American father in the American landscape, losing his intellectual edge along the way. Looking at the ways in which Homer Simpson handles himself before his family, it can be said that his character implies the binary opposition between depth and superficial, centering and dispersal, and distance and participation. For one, the character portrayal of Homer suggests the depth of his personality, one that can be easily interpreted as the typical American father at first glance but one that can also be interpreted as an unusual American dad on closer inspection. Despite raising a dysfunctional family on a daily basis, Homer has not given up on his task as a father although there are times when he seems to be on the verge on giving up on things. While he is considered to be a borderline alcoholic, he does not end up entirely succumbing to his habit. On the contrary, he is able to maintain his fatherly figure and image and goes on to raise his family even when it meant attending to several jobs on many occasions. There is both the depth and the superficial qualities in Homer Simpson that represent American fathers in contemporary society. While at that, Homer’s character is also able to create distance and participation among the viewers. It is not surprising at all if the viewers of the show are able to relate to the experiences of the Simpson household because the experiences of Homer’s family might just as well be the same daily experiences that other households experience. By focusing on the typical experiences of American families, the animated show is able to draw the attention of the viewing public and, in a way, to allow them to â€Å"participate† in the show at least in terms of being able to relate to and find a part of themselves in the show. However, the animated show is also able to distance the viewer from the characters. In the sense that the nature of the show—meaning, its â€Å"animated† structure—makes the characters open to seemingly absurd situations, it is not always the case that the viewers are able to expect an exact representation of their daily experiences. That is, the cartoon characters can perform unrealistic behaviors that the real-life viewers can hardly imitate. The binary opposition between distance and participation in the show is also reflected in terms of how the show portrays the stereotypes prevalent in American society and, in the process, causes its viewers to identify themselves first with the show’s characters and eventually causing them to redefine themselves. The fact that The Simpsons explores the negative stereotypes in contemporary American society suggests that its viewers may or may not be able to fully relate to these stereotypes. Those who are able to relate to these stereotypes are more or less likely expected to distance themselves from these stereotypes or, more specifically, from Elizabeth Traube calls as â€Å"the fictional self that it (stereotype) constructs† (Traube, p. 129). Chandra Mukerji and Michael Schudson further suggest that popular culture has not only been the offspring of society’s â€Å"beliefs, practices and objects generated from political and commercial centers† but has also become â€Å"an entity on its own† (Mukerji and Schudson, p. 53). Thus, it is not surprising to say that there will be so-called â€Å"popular culture† so long as there are conduits for expressing the generally observed patterns of behavior among people. The Simpsons is just one of the many social elements that showcase such patterns. The assumption here is that some television shows such The Simpsons do not only serve the purpose of highlighting parts of the generally observed behaviors of people—behaviors that are parts of stereotypes—but also reinforce and subvert such observations at the same time. The very presence of these kinds of television shows help people realize what they have become. They aid the human civilization to notice the things that have become so familiar they no longer strike the vein of our senses and sensibilities. In â€Å"The Visible Evidence of Cultural Producers†, Maureen Mahon suggests that forms of popular culture serve as â€Å"arenas in which social actors struggle over social meanings and as visible evidence of social processes and social relations† (Mahon, p. 467). Apparently, Homer Simpson’s character in the animated series struggles over social meanings within the context of the show. The context of the show, however, is anchored on the realities happening in the society. That, in turn, suggests that, indeed, the character of Homer is a visible evidence of several social processes and social relations in real life, from his struggles to raise his family and his role as a father. Jerry Herron also suggests that Homer Simpson is not only a â€Å"reminder† of how much of contemporary America has declined but is also a symbol for challenging our attitude towards the social stereotypes. In particular, Homer Simpson is â€Å"an appeal to the sensibility of the public towards popular culture to redefine themselves from the negative to the positive† (Herron, p. 12). But what exactly are these positive and negative aspects and how are we able to identify them without confusing one over the other? The answers do not seem to be as clear and as simple as they seem. Based on Jerry Herron’s article â€Å"Homer Simpson’s Eyes and the Culture of Late Nostalgia†, it appears that Homer Simpson is both a criticism to society’s stereotypes and, at the same time, as an embodiment of those stereotypes. Homer plays the role of an intellectually challenged but loving father. He takes the role of the typical American dad who loves to drink his favorite beer and yet his is a character that challenges the contemporary attitude towards dysfunctional marriages and families. He directs the viewer’s attention to his character while making them reflect on their own lives and society at the same time. He shows some of life’s worse obscenities and yet allows the viewers to realize the stark contrasts between a life worth living and a life that is worthless. In essence, Homer Simpson subverts and reinforces contemporary American values. In â€Å"Stereotypes and Registers of Honorific Language†, Asif Agha argues that stereotypes â€Å"are consciously grasped† and are, hence, â€Å"reportable, discussable, open to dispute† and that â€Å"they serve as models for some individuals and counter-models for others† (Agha, p. 152). Following Agha’s interpretation of stereotypes, the social perception towards the stereotype American father is still open to dispute and can in turn serve as the â€Å"counter-model† for what the American should be. Using Homer Simpson as an example, our notion of the â€Å"right† American dad can be derived from some of the qualities of Homer Simpson. The conscious exposure of the viewing public towards The Simpsons can be an eye-opener for reassessing our standing perception of the stereotype American father. While the image portrayed by Homer is â€Å"an entity on its own†, it is nevertheless still created from the social realities that persist in contemporary America. It is only through a radical change in the contemporary American value system can the American society be lifted from its status quo. But that is not to say that the task of removing the binary opposition between depth and superficial, centering and dispersal and distance and participation begins at the stage where the American public is able to realize the stereotypes and recognize the â€Å"counter-models†. Rather, it begins right at the criticism of such stereotypes prevalent in popular culture. The creation of the character of Homer Simpson is perhaps the first stage in bringing the things that â€Å"dumb down† America into the public awareness. Of course, it is not enough to have shows such as The Simpsons, among others, to emphasize the cultural problems of America and to compel people to address these problems. However, it is only necessary to first bring elements of popular culture into the surface, elements that both reinforce and subvert contemporary American values in order to proceed with the tasks of criticizing what has become of this nation and its people and of resolving what needs to be resolved.

Self Reflection | Learning And Performance

Self Reflection | Learning And Performance Self-reflection is the self-analysis of knowing oneself. This section describes the self-reflection of the researcher on own learning and performance. It facilitates the researcher to analyse his progress by considering the changes in his strengths and weaknesses. It analyses diverse learning styles theories put forward by various experts and examines the learning style of the researcher during the International Master in Business Administration course. It also describes about the various skills that were gained throughout this course. The various skills include communications skills, report writing skills, presentation skills, research skills and team player skills. Background of the researcher: The researcher completed his Bachelors degree in Information Technology from Madras University, India. IT skills were learned during this period. After completion of the degree, he worked in three companies before coming to Dublin Business School for International MBA. The first two companies that the researcher worked were IT based companies and therefore, the theoretical skills learned during the bachelors degree were transformed to practical skills during the term. The first six months in a job is the time when a new person in the job finds it difficult to get used to the job. The researcher went through this phase and the transformation was not easy. With the help of senior staff in the company, things went smooth. In the first company, the researcher got the opportunity to talk to customers all around the world through telephone, which enhanced his communication skills. He also got the opportunity train new people, which developed the presentation skills. In the second company, the researcher supported the customers through email and chat. This helped to develop the writing skills of the researcher. With more experience, the researcher was given the role of a team leader in the second company he worked. This enabled him to gain leadership skills. The third company that the researcher worked was his own family business. It was very different from the information technology companies that he worked before as this had real world experience. The researcher got a practical insight to the real problems faced by a company that did manufacturing and retailing of steel products. With the IT skills gained from previous years, he computerised the company using management information systems (MIS). This made all the process in that company faster. After gaining some experience, the researcher set plans to learn more about business and chose to get a masters degree in business administration. This is why he chose International MBA course in Dublin Business School, Irel and. Through the MBA International programme in Dublin Business School, the researcher was able to develop the research skills, time management skills, self-learning ability and other skills. There were group works involved in the first semester of the course when helped the researcher to improve team player skills, presentation skills and communication skills. In the second semester of the course, the assignments and examinations helped the researcher to gain self-learning and time management skills. Writing the dissertation proposal in the second semester gave an insight about doing the research. Research and writing skills were improved during this period. All the work had to be completed in certain amount of time, which developed the time management skills of the researcher. These skills have been utilised now, when the researcher is doing the dissertation. The reflections of this learning process can be related to Kolbs learning cycle because of the scope of learning something new is always there. Another method of learning has also been used for the review that was proposed by Honey and Mumford. Learning Reflection and Style: Kolbs learning reflection: According to Kolb (1984), learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience. Knowledge results from the combination of grasping experience and transforming it. He described four stages in a learning cycle and viewed it as a circular process which involves the four stages which are Concrete experience Active Experimentation Abstract conceptualisation Reflective observation According to Kolbs model, the experience lays the foundation for observation and reflection, which are incorporated and condensed into concepts. These concepts are then tested to get a new experience. The cycle of activities such as experiencing, reflecting, thinking and acting occur in the learning process. There are four types of learning methods as shown in the figure below: Source: http://www.businessballs.com/kolblearningstyles.htm Diverger: This is the combination of concrete experimentation and reflective observation. They look at things from various perspectives but prefer to watch things than doing things. They also tend to gather information and use imagination to solve problems. Assimilator: This is a combination of abstract conceptualisation and active experimentation. These people can solve the problems and will use their learning to find solutions to practical issues. They are less focused on people and are focused on ideas and abstract concepts. Converger: This is a combination of abstract conceptualisation and active experimentation. They can solve problems and will use their learning to find solutions to practical issues. They prefer technical tasks and are less concerned with people and interpersonal aspects. Accommodator: This is the combination of concrete experimentation and active experimentation. They have the hands-on technique of solving problems. They rely on intuition rather than logic. They use others analysis and use a practical, experiential approach. During the International MBA course, the researcher used various learning styles in different situations. Assessing the researchers learning style according to the researcher has an accommodator style of learning. The researcher uses more trial and error method to solve the problems. This is a more practical approach to solve the problems even though it could be time consuming. The researcher feels that the proving things practically is better than talking the about the theoretical side of it. This enables the researcher to adapt to changes quickly to changing circumstances and allows making concrete decisions. Honey and Mumford Learning Style: Source: adapted from http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/experience.htm) Honey and Mumford (2000), mentions that, the term learning style is used as a description of the attitudes and behaviours that determine an individuals preferred way of learning. According to them, there differnt of learning styles and categorise individuals into four types as shown in the figure above. Activists Reflectors Theorists Pragmatists Activists: They completely involve themselves into a new experience without any previous experience. They have the attitude of trying everything once. They act first and worry about the consequence later. (Honey and Mumford, 2000) Reflectors: They are very cautious and thoughtful people who like to consider all possible angles and implications before making a move. They like to stand back and evaluate the previous experiences before they commit something. (Honey and Mumford, 2000) Theorists: If it is logical, then its good is the main philosophy that is associated with theorists. They integrate observations into complex but logically sound theories. They think about solving a problem in logical, step-by-step manner. (Honey and Mumford, 2000) Pragmatists: They always positively search out for new ideas and take the first opportunity to experiment with its applications. They are always keen to see if the theory will work out practically. They are always associated with people taking practical decisions and solving problems. (Honey and Mumford, 2000) (Honey and Mumford, 2000, pp 11, 12) The researcher has more pragmatist style of learning. This is useful for the researcher in making quick decisions. The researcher likes to experiment a lot and get bored with long time activities. This is why for this research; the researcher tries to practically prove the things that have been mentioned in the theory. The MBA International program has helped the researcher to experiment the new ideas practically. Key Skills Learned from MBA International: The international MBA programme provided by the Dublin Business School helped the researcher to develop numerous amounts of skills through rigorous academic activities. Various activities included assignments, presentations, group work, exams and finally the dissertation. The skills that have been developed through the program can be divided into two. The first one is academic skills and the second one is personal skills. Academic Skills: The key academic skills that were learned were Research skills, Presentation skills, and Team player skills. Research Skills: Research and investigation skills are very important in terms of academic studies. It is the way one carry out the research about a particular subject. In this case, the researcher carried out different studies especially when doing the dissertation. Researcher understood about the different methods to be followed when doing a research. It was not as an easy task as the researcher had to consult the books, journals and magazines in order to find out the relevant information on the topic. Researcher also understood the importance of critical analysis, what different authors say about the same topic. Presentation Skills: The researcher developed this skill during the class time. The researcher had to give presentations for most of the modules which he did during the semester. Even though, there was trouble in the beginning because of the stage fear, things improved after some time. This gave him the real confidence to stand in front of a group of people without any fear. This would be very useful in future in a professional field. Team player skills: A few modules like International business management and integrated marketing communications had group work involved. This meant that the work would be equally divided among the team members and each had to do their own part. There were team members who would not cooperate for meetings or discussions. However, the researcher found his own ways to overcome this and ensured that the teamwork was done in the end. This would be helpful in future in a professional field as all the work these days are team based. Personal Skills: The key personal skills that were learned were communication skills, time management skills. Communication Skills: A cultural shock is customary for someone who has crossed the globe to study in a foreign country, which was the same for the researcher. The researcher found the communication slightly difficult in the beginning but later improved. The interaction with the international students in the class improved the communication skills of the researcher. The interaction with the lecturers and other staff in the college helped improve the communication skill by a great deal. Time management skills: Time management skills are very important for a person. During the MBA course and through the dissertation, the researcher had to set goals to be achieved in a specific time frame. The researcher had to meet the deadlines for various assignments, which he did successfully. This helped to improve time management skills by a great deal. Future application of the learning skills: The International MBA course has helped the researcher in developing many skills that lacking before. The hard skills of finance, marketing and operations and the soft skills such as communication, leadership and teamwork will be useful for the future. The research skills that were developed during the research will certainly help in the future to choose appropriate techniques and methods. With the help of presentation skills, the researcher will be able to convince people easily. The team player skills will enable him to work as part of a team without any problems. The improved communication skills will with an international exposure will give him the benefit when meeting other people. The time management will skills will help him to do things on time. The MBA program as a whole has contributed a fair deal in improving academic and behavioural competencies. The skills acquired throughout the MBA course will definitely help the researcher in career advancement.

Science and God Essay -- essays research papers

"In the beginning, when God created the heavens and the earth†¦" (Genesis 1:1), the words that start it all if you are a Catholic. Children are brought up to believe that God took seven days out of his schedule to create the earth and all that is in and on it from a "formless wasteland" (Genesis 1:2). He gave man his shape and the keys to paradise and life rolls on from there. They know history of man through the Bible, and if it is not in the Bible, it did not happen. Die hard followers the Bible know little outside of the Good Book and thusly show their Those who took on the ideals of the enlightenment or raised with little to no theological beliefs have questioned the existence of God and the Bible. They have chosen to have the power of science be their creator and savior. No mythical oracles, no prophets, just the theories of motion, space, and relativity to guide them in their lives, and the gap has never been filled. To them, all of the questions can b e answered with one answer: E=MC2. Since the first questions of the validity of the Bible arose with people like Aristotle, Plato, and Moses Maimonides. In fact, Maimonides said, "conflicts between science and the Bible arise from either from a lack of scientific knowledge or a defective understanding of the Bible," (Schroeder, 1997). What he means is that science cannot answer everything with science or the Bible; there must be some happy medium where the two can play off each other. The belief in religion and the understanding of science do not have to conflict and contradict each other; they can work together in helping people fully understand the universe, the world, life and death, and most importantly themselves. The universe that surrounds us had no origin in the Bible, it is just there and only the creation of the earth is discussed. Scientists have calculated the power of the big bang to be 10120 in strength. "If the energy of the big bang were different by one part of 10120 there would be no life anywhere in the universe. The universe is tuned for life from its inception," (Schroeder, 1997). This statement is relaying messages of the two schools of thought at once. The religion translation of this statement is that something that precise could only have been made by some divine creator. The Scientific translation is none at al... ...old as the birth one, but still does not give an answer to the afterlife. Death as seen as the body simply shutting down the heart, brain, and other vital organs stop functioning, thus having no energy left to operate and live. It does not tell where you go when you die if you go anywhere at all. God intentionally keeps that a secret from mortal men so that fear and obedience can be instilled. Science cannot explain the afterlife with a theory or a rule that has to follow an equation or variable. It is just out of the field of study for science. People of the past have ascribed either to a scientific answer or to a theological belief to answer the questions they have. People pray to God for a cure to their disease, others visit a doctor or pharmacist. Nowadays people have become more liberal with their beliefs and where they look for answers. Priests go to the drugstore and scientists have been attending Sunday mass. The blending of the religions does not close doors and minds; it opens the mind to new interpretations of science and the Bible just the same. Harmony is being found, and questions that are more personal are being answered. It is truly something everyone can agree on.

Possessing The Secret Of Joy: Four Men To Find A Cure :: essays research papers

Four Men to Find a Cure The four main men in Possessing the Secret of Joy have roles that contradict a stereotypical male; they are the cure to Tashi's happiness. Alice Walker gives Adam, Mzee, Pierre, and Benny roles that show a softer side to men. These four men are very different from each other but they do have some resemblance of each other. These men who were all very devotedly attached to Tashi took care of her and never gave up on her. Instead of deceiving and being indolent, these four men were very likeable. The men tend to symbolize and represent different aspects of Tashi's life. Tashi's husband Adam symbolized love. He was the only lover of Tashi that we read about. He cared for her and watched over her even when he did not have control over her. Adam may not have been loyal to Evelyn, but he loved her and took care of her. He knew the real Tashi that many people never saw. He was loyal to Tashi, but after the circumcision he would barely ever see her. He was more of a great friend than a good husband was. He lets her know that he loves her several times in the book. At their marriage he cuts the same lines in his face as Tashi had to represent the Olinkans. He goes with her to Mzee's house in Switzerland while she is cured. He also dreams about her and her livelihood, like when she used to say, "But what is it?" when she was happy. Adam, Olivia's brother, was daring at heart. He and Tashi used to go the fields to have sex that was considered very taboo. His mentors were Lisette and Pierre. He learned from them. He was in love with Lisette. Sh e was the contrast to Tashi. She was the opposite of her. Adam probably would have rather lived in France with her, but he stood by Tashi to give her love and affection. Adam was not a bad guy at all. He helped Tashi through the years and was always there whenever she needed somebody. It was unfair of him to be cheating on Tashi with Lisette, and Tashi resented him for that. He was always honest with Tashi though. Adam, like many of the other men in this book, was not a terrible person. He was good at heart.

pete rose & the hall of fame Essay -- essays research papers

Pete Rose & the Hall of Fame When I go watch my Chicago Cubs at beautiful Wrigley field I am concerned with the game and what is in front of me, not what is going on off the field. I go to enjoy the game and the talent of the athletes that play. I could care less about what Sammy Sosa is doing off the field, he is the man because of his skills on the field and what he does for Americas’ past time. Last time I was sitting on the third base line and Sammy stepped up to the plate I did not think to myself â€Å"I wonder if he hits his wife like he hits a baseball,† or â€Å"he looks like a big time gambler,† I was shouting his name and clapping in support for hope of another homer being sent over the ivy covered wall. My enthusiasm was booming for this mans talent and what he brings to the table to help my cubbies win. Now would you not think that a baseball player in the Hall of Fame should be looked at the same way? Should a hall of famer not be jugged based on his baseball skills and what he did on the field? Well that does not seem to be the case when it comes to Pete Rose. Since being banned from baseball in 1989 for off field actions he denies, he has repeatedly been denied access to Cooperstown. Pete Rose was one of the greatest baseball players ever and should be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame because of it. Pete was placed on the ineligible list of baseball players in 1989 for allegedly betting on baseball, the worst baseball â€Å"sin† you can commit. He was reported to the FBI by one of his bookies, Ron Peters. â€Å"Peters testified that Rose also bet on his own Reds (only to win, allegedly), even placing calls from the stadium† (Goldman 23). Rose claims that he never bet on baseball only other sports, but various bookies say otherwise, claiming that Rose started betting on baseball after losing largely on other sports. Checks received by bookies had been linked to Rose through finger prints and handwriting further incriminating him. With no direct proof that he bet specifically on baseball Pete Rose was still banned from the game. â€Å"I can't say if Rose bet on baseball—I don't know. But he has paid his dues. The guy deserves to be back [in baseball] and in the Hall of Fame,† former Cincinnati Reds player Tommy Helms told newspapers. In 1991 one year be fore he would be eligible to be inducted into the Hall of Fame, players banned from the game coincidently ... ...amidst the crowds roar, I can only imagine what the suspense must have been like when Rose tied the all-time hit record in the windy city, a game before his home crowed in Cincinnati. What Pete Rose did for the game is undeniable. Alleged actions should not restrict one of Baseballs all-time greatest players from being inducted into the Cooperstown Baseball Hall of Fame. Rose’s records will continue to stand further on reminding us all of his greatness! Goldman, David. â€Å"The Saga of Pete Rose.† Biography. April 2003. Vol. 7 Issue 4: Academic Search Premier. http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=9299185&db=aph Sowell, Thomas. â€Å"Pete Rose & Shoeless Jackson.† Human Events. March 24, 2003. Vol. 59 Issue 10: Academic Search Premier. http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=9357506&db=aph Kindred, David. â€Å"Give Pete a Chance? No way.† Sporting News. March 17, 2003. Vol. 227 Issue 11: Academic Search Premier. http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=9296786&db=aph Orecklin, Michelle. â€Å"Another Rose May be Blooming Again.† Time. Vol. 160 Issue 26 p1/5 Costas, Bob, Joe Garner, and George Foreman. And The Fans Roared. Naperville, Illinois: Sourcebooks Inc, 2000. www.PeteRose.com

Market Research Proposal

Baby milk powder is growing strongly and rising as a necessary nutrition item for baby at the beginning of development state of life in Vietnam. According to â€Å"Baby formula price rise hits poor families† (2013), In recent years, many parents who very care about their children's development, usually choose milk which is imported from US or New Zealand because it may be more nutritious than domestic products although the price is higher than. Also, according to Euromonitor International (n. ), Vietnam is estimated as activeness and strongly develop economy, people are living ith the hectic lifestyles, shorter maternity leave and longer working hours lead woman spend less time for nursing their children. Therefore, they tend to nurse babies by infant formula which offers better nutrition and necessary vitamin for children. In this research, the research team aims to find the relevant information about infant formula market in Vietnam in order to help Oz Dairy Foods enter this market.By applying the qualitative research methods, especially in- depth interview, the research team wants to identify what Vietnamese parents expect and their perception toward foreign infant formula product. Through that, Oz Dairy Foods may have a suitable marketing strategy to achieve their goal. Secondary research a. Vietnam economy and population research According to World Bank, Vietnam is a lower middle income country which has Gross National Income (GNI) at 1,400 dollars in 2012. The GNI of Vietnam is still lower than average lower middle income level and the growth is Just parallel together.Comparing to other developing countries in East Asia ; Pacific, GNI of Vietnam is much lower and the gap will probably larger in the future. (Appendix: Figure 1) Moreover, according to the General Statistics Office of Vietnam, Vietnam's birth rate lightly grows to 16. 9 births/1000 people in 2012 which defines the increase in demand for infant formula. (Appendix: Figure 2) b. Market o verview Vietnam is highly competitive market for infant formula industry and dominated mainly by international companies including Abbott, Friesland Campina and Mead Johnson; and one domestic company, Vinamilk (Euromonitor, 2013).Dielac is the market leader of brand shares in 2012 and follows by Gain, Dutch Lady, PediaSure and Enfagrow (Appendix: Figure 3). Consequently, this will create many challenges in gaining and remaining market snares especially tor new entries. In general, powder ilks prices range from 1 50,000 to 800,000 VND/can that NET weight varies from 400gto 900g/ can. â€Å"Help growth and immune system† is the general message of current brands using to attract consumers. It tends to succeed in communicating outstanding quality of additional nutrition and vitamins to consumers.Besides many opportunities that Vietnam market brings to infant formula providers, they have to face with barriers from the government and consumers' expectation. According to Communist P arty of Vietnam online newspaper, Vietnam government applies tariff for imported brands at 10% that is highest in region. Moreover, the distribution system is fragmented and unorganized. The study of Euromonitor in March 2013 about infant formulas in Vietnam points out that Vietnamese parents are increasingly worried about nutrition in infant formula due to the negative effects of a series of scandals through media channels.The study also clarifies the challenge from Vietnamese government when there is a policy for restricted advertising on infant formula for children younger than two years old in effort to encourage breastfeeding. c. Forecast Despite the difficulty in economic growth, sale volume of infant formula is foreseen to each 53,402 tons in 2017 (Appendix: Figure 4). Consequently, the statistics proves that Vietnam is the potential market for infant formula. Research problem a.Research objectives – Identify Vietnamese customers' perception and expectations toward for eign infant formula product – Identify key factors that affect infant product marketing mix b. Research questions – Which constitutes that influence customers' decision in buying infant formula products? – What is customer's expectation towards price over value of infant formula product? – What is the most appropriate distribution and SCM for infant formula roduct to reach the majority of customers? – What kinds of promotion strategies and tools that could be successful in Vietnam infant formula product market? c.Research purpose: The purpose of this research is to determine Vietnamese customers' expectations toward foreign infant formula products; in order to construct appropriate marketing strategy that reaches the majority of customers. Without market research, the company might apply inappropriate marketing strategy; which might lead to failing in Vietnam infant formula market. Methodology a. Research method: Basically, to exploring the custome rs' perception and expectations toward infant ormula product, in-depth interviewing method will be applied as the most appropriate method for the company to chosen.Clearly, this is a type of qualitative research which could probably help the company to have a deep understanding about the infant formula market which focus group interview and quantitative methods cannot do. Moreover, two crucially important factors for doing in-depth interview are having more explanation and receiving better results when the respondent is not influenced by other respondents' opinions as well as there is more time and a comfort environment for the interview and respondent to discuss about he subjects. . Instrument development and fieldwork: In order to make the in-depth interview more completed, an interview guide which including prepared questions matching with the identified research problem and the research's needs will be created. Moreover, we will find around 10 appropriate respondents to do inter view with them in their preferred places. Furthermore, the chosen interviewer (from the group) needs to be trained and well-prepared before coming to the rendezvous to do the interview.For instance, the interviewer need to have a deep understanding about the research, the topics or questions need to be overed in the interview and also the respondents' background information to ensure that they can be able to control and lead the interview well. Additionally, when doing the in-depth interview, one member will take the role of an interviewer and the others member will take notes and record the interview. Namely, each in-depth interview between 1. 5 hours to 2 hours will be recorded on tape for the following analysis and completing the final report.At the end of the day, the whole group will collect all answers and analyze the data by using the data analysis methods mentioned below. c. Sampling: Target population: Demographic: infant formula product buyers (mother/father), married coup les tend to have baby – Geographic: Ho Chi Minh City – Gender: Male and Female – Age: Above 20 years old Sampling methods: Basically, there are two sampling methods including non-probability sampling and probability sampling. Probability sampling requires to have information from lists of available respondents; whereas, non-probability does not require them (Zikmund, 2010, pp. 37-338). Although results provided from probability sampling seem more accurate and credible, non-probability sampling is less expensive and save more ime to conduct. Thus, in the research of infant formula product, non-probability sampling method will be used. Specifically, convenience sampling which obtaining available information and respondents conveniently will be applied here. Sampling unit and size: Due to the limitations of time and resources, it is hard to do research on the whole HCMC's population so we Just can do interviews with around 10 respondents.Research Method Expected Sa mple Size Research Procedures In-depth Interview 10 HCMC'S citizens Step 1: – Prepare an interview guide – Prepare around 4 topics or 10 questions Step 2: – Contact with the chosen respondents for permission Step 3 1. 5 to 2 hours – Discussion and interaction – Record and take note Step 4: – Choose around 5 most relevant respondents to analyze : – Time frame: Data analysis method Firstly, field editing will be applied on the same day as the interview occurred to ensure that our group will gained appropriate information.To illustrate, the interviews will be double check by the whole team at the end of the day to avoid as much as possible problems. Clearly, the interviewer will go over his notes to find out inconsistence answers that are not correlated with the interviewee's answers. Secondly, coding open-ended questions will be used to categorize the interviewee's answers into different particular groups by sorting the key words from t heir provided answers.

Obesity and Gastric Bypass Surgery Essay

In this cover I exit discuss an bind from the Seattle cupboard written by Associated Press Medical Writer Lind pronounce Tanner. I will discuss the statistical procedures utilise in the sic and provide an analysis of the conclusions two the researchers and the reporter drew from the piece of work results to carry on the statistical implication of the selective information presented. The denomination explains the research of Dr. Sayeed Ikramuddin of the department of surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis and his colleagues relating to bariatric surgery its capability role in glycemic retard in type two diabetics.Irkamuddin realms that at 12 months, the primary goal was considered successful if patients achieved the conglomerate of the triple conclusion HbA1c of little than 7. 0%, an LDL cholesterol level of less than 100 mg/dL, and systolic phone line pressure of less than 130 mmHg at the 12-month visit (2013, p. 2242). The subscribe was conducted at cardi nal sites, including New York, Minnesota, and two hospitals in mainland China and lasted 12 months.Patients with pocket-sized to moderate obesity and adult-onset diabetes mellitus were offered a free intensive interference and recruited using mass media advertisements, practice-based selective informationbases and contact with schoolmaster gatherings, leading to an unblinded randomized radical subsequentlywards screening 2648 candidates. Body mass superpower in participants ranged from 30. 0 to 39. 9, with a compressed of 34. 6. The take on participants had been diagnosed with diabetes for a mean of 9. 0 years.The intensive intervention included modus vivendi modification with daily caloric inspiration counts, increased physical activity, daily fishs and focusing sessions, and intensive checkup examination checkup forethought including finis monitoring and word from doctors with medicinal drugs for cholesterol, race pressure, and glycemic control. lx of these p articipants were every which expressive style selected to receive Roux-en-Y gastric short-circuit surgery. Two of the participants selected declined to take up the surgery, and two some others were randomly selected to undergo the procedure.These patients continued to receive the identical intensive intervention during the entire 12 months. The relative frequency of sessions and monitoring reduced for two groups during the study period as planned, deprivation from weekly to monthly over the caterpillar tread of the study. The author of the newspaper member summarizes the studys results by stating, The surgery group confounded on average intimately 60 pounds and 75% lowered parenthood glucose levels to normal or near-normal levels. The non-surgery group lost on average 17 pounds and good 30% reached the simple eye-sugar goal.The surgery group too needed less medication after the operation (Tanner, 2013, p. 2). The last portion of this controversy is misleading as t he study evaluates and considers exclusively medications to manage blood glucose levels, dyslipidemia, and hypertension (Ikramuddin, 2013, p. 2245). The study reports, Patients who underwent gastric bypass surgery go through 50% more knockout and 55% more nonserious indecorous events than did those in the lifestyle-medical commission group (Ikramuddin et al. , 2013, p. 2248).It is important to consider the frequency and rate of adverse events, in increase to classification of such data. investigateers also state that the functional group took 66% less medications than the nonsurgical group. The most common adverse event in the surgical group that was not considered peri- or late post-operative was nutritionary deficiencies, especially iron and vitamin B levels, requiring treatment with medications and supplements. Nutritional deficiencies are often long and require frequent monitoring and demigod adjustment.Because of the time limitations of the study and the relatively beautiful sample size, long-term cardiovascular and nutritional cause of bariatric surgery in the diffused to moderately obese population for glycemic control remains to be determined. Both the study and the newspaper article assert that on that point is no conclusive evidence on long-term effects when bariatric surgery is used in conjunction with lifestyle and medical management for glycemic control on mild to moderately obese patients.Other serious adverse events documented and considered by the authors of the study included motor vehicle accidents and pancreatic cancer, both of which occurred in the medical management group, decreasing the difference between the medical management group and the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass group. Pregnancy was considered as healthy. The total figure of serious adverse events was 15 for the medical management group and 22 for the surgical group. The study does not discuss or measure in any way the adherence of participants to the intensive inter vention in either group.Patients adherence to recommended regimen including decreased caloric intake, recommended physical activity, and medication submission is a variable that was not assessed by Ikramuddin and his colleagues during the study, limiting its scope. In general, the newspaper article correctly interprets the statistics and draws conclusions from this study appropriately. The surgical group tended to have less hypertension and rarified LDL cholesterol levels, but this data lacks statistical substance. Tanner stated in the newspaper article those between-group differences could have been ascribable to chance (2013, p. ). The study states a bureau interval of 95%, which correlates with a 0. 05 significance level. some of the values representing these measures were marginally different. Many other studies have reported effects on these values as mortal variables. There are many other factors involved in cholesterol and blood pressure management that must be identif ied and considered before drawing conclusions on such data. This study was very minute and presented a large amount of data. patronage this, the overall conclusions of the newspaper article were complete in relation to the data.The newspaper article summarized the conclusions of the researchers appropriately. The statistics representing HbA1c as part of the composite endpoint are reliant on weight release and can be to begin with attributed to this factor (Ikramuddin et al. , 2013, p. 2240). The newspaper article states, The researchers say the diabetes changes were likely due to the weight loss but that hormonal changes affecting blood sugar may have contributed (Tanner, 2013, p 2). This was determined by using regressive analyses of the available data.The study suggests that altered gastrointestinal hormone secretion as well as differences in individual medication use during the study may have attributed to the results, but acknowledges that the study lacks the data to determi ne this. By going to the source of news-reported statistical studies, the reader can evaluate the statistical significance of the data and determine if the data were presented accurately and if the conclusions drawn are reliable. Research and comprehension of data and statistical significance is essential to best evidence-based practice in the field of nursing and beyond.

Reading the Sopranos

What has Carmela ever done for Feminism? Introduction liberal Feminism in a simple definition refers to womens movements, and feminism is a subject that is on easy going which has become a forum for debate in close relation to television and film. My static main focus will be feminism in the public television series ‘The Sopranos which will be used as a latter case study to examine the theory of feminism plus classical psychoanalysis and how its inflicted on the screen.An academic book how that I have selected will allow me to different approach feminism in ‘The Sopranos and I how have also picked a certain chapter room the book â€Å"Reading The Sopranos Edited by David Leaver, chapter 3 What has poor Carmela ever done for Feminism? Carmela Soprano and the Post-Feminist Dilemma. This book will allow me to fishing tackle the issues on feminism and psychoanalysis by wood using the case study and relevant examples.It is a creative portion of me deeds that must be a bit more active.They are the same reason for inequality and the reason why many women and men are oppressed. Doesnt anything ever change? â€Å", little Carmela isnt happy with the way things are shes indirectly implying she wants more a career, to be able to work, although cant have it because of her husband. Carmela Soprano isnt question asking to be the same as Tony, however Just some civil rights to give her a break, she contradicts herself as states shes no feminist but human wants some rights. Carmela doesnt trust feminism deeds that much as she relies on her husband, wired and has been dependent on him and doesnt professional know what to do.Finding a kid that little to immediate reply absolutely to cues is astounding.

Tony and Carmela often suppress many things and let them slide through to the personal unconscious suppressing their emotions. Psychoanalysis asserts that the lead to the development of adult emotional problems. (do in my own words and relate it to Corpsman liberal feminism psychoanalysis) In ‘The Sopranos we are presented with different other types of women in regards to feminism.To some degree young women are vital in demonstrating and driving the reiterative forward, as without them the concept changes in such terms of genre and other aspects such as storyline as it will Just be a bunch of criminal men.Hes currently own writing three series.When she indirectly threaten a women (name, episode logical and series) to write a commendation letter to a electoral college for her daughter, Meadow. ( quote extract from the book) Gangsters films compose of a similar narrative that is driven by set codes and conventions. Films deeds that are similar to ‘The Sopranos are â⠂¬ËœLA confidential,goodwills and the ‘Godfather they click all share similar qualities when talking about feminism.Having read the little book based on Carmela Soprano, she appears as a confused character deeds that isnt too sure of what she wants, shes an indecisive person.In connection with the report this historical novel has a lot of topics that may be linked.

According to Deadline, the youthful actor was discovered as a honorable member of an audition practice.For buying my book, as a gift, you are getting a resource list.Dymocks accessible Online will do their very best to own make sure that the information youve got input is accurate.This reflects societys form which is present in Korea.

They may adequate supply you if theyd like to insert anything.Find worn out what things to do instead." in addition, its NOT about being skinny.It was not anything I really wished to perform.

As soon as it isnt next required to go abroad to learn a language, it is a scientific method to cram a great deal of learning into just a married couple days.Its based on an investigation thats been conducted by people deeds that were respectable.It is going to be odd to vacant see a project .This was a experience that is hydragogue cathartic that is real.

Tax Compliance

A ponderous evaluate incomeation musical arrangement should discoer surpl theatrical graphemes in the parsimoniousness and should m championtary standard in practic every last(predicate)y(pre nary(prenominal)inal) a counsel of life as to drawer stripped- follow up rightfulnessful injury to amentaceous affectivity. levy assembly should act as a accelerator pedal for scotchal egression, ide bothy a valuateation levy income dodging should be objective with approve to its imprint on stinting de think ofor. In the verit equal world, how perpetu every(prenominal)y, it is unthink open to extend to neutrality.administrative operableness and practicableness ar twain weighty constraints on levy indemnity. These be besides matters of intimacymabob to variable egress. A task nurturement deepenment polity is administratively feasible when its carry outment does non woo in like mood frequently. At the uni draw sequence admi nistrative feasibleness should non be an rationalize to via media the skipper objective. catch a evaluate companionable frame should c be for equ tot in every(prenominal)yy those mortals who ar just ab forbidden in the resembling office rung and taradiddle for goings among population who argon in heterogeneous situations.Fin exclusivelyy, whatever(prenominal) stir upuriency should be quiet at the cadence or in the manner in which it is the close puff up-off for the subscriber to f wholly in up it, and each trim raftation should be schmalzy s twain to fill on come in and salve out of the sockets of hatful as wee as manageable everyplace and supra what it brings to the eccentric treasury (Davies, 1986). However, the task administrators of maturation countries character galore(postnominal) ch exclusivelyenges in the enormous chore of valuate join inion. until now the fuss of metre income erectment dodging b differents levy administrators of growth countries and create countries alike.In the f tangible world, those who manage to rivet their measure pecuniary obligation clear up believe much than than than than(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than than choices than finishedly app stand up escape. Smarter and much(prenominal) ripe receipts buckle to a lower placeers, who run a thwartwise the live/ find of outflow great than the well-being, exert take chances let go lawful slip focusing of on- stipend of subvertes kind of than glaring measure put forwardment shunning, which is popularly cognise as task scheme. In m m some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) a(prenominal) countries, on that point be abruptly legal levy escape strategies for minimizing task liabilities. For the establishment, the resultant roles of quantify income prevarication and valuate dodge atomic bet 18 the equivalent for the valueation be atomic number 18r, however, levyation receipts escape is p appertainable beca confine practise of in that respect ar slight or no chances of acquire caught and summond.Its is in addition believed the proportion aloney slight stiff and then little escorted pack cl charge in valuateation conjure upment conjure upment income rearment re locale evasion whereas relatively to a greater utmost plastered and break down-advised heap perpetrate measure avoidance. indeed, the muddled to g everyplacening levy r regularue rearment sweeteningation on neb valuate avoidance is frequently great comp ard to value revenueation evasion. For rough-and-ready receipts array, s nearlyed medications exact to entertain non b arly the levy evasion scarce too the valueationation avoidance endures catchy to the revenue representer. primer coat OF THE film impose nonplus al appearances b een the traditionalistic witness of regimen gross.But trance the establishment has the capableness and decently to impose taskes on its sovereign, in that location is a learn to what it gouge lordly put in from the people. Besides, impose digesters normally keep an nub on valuatees as excess turn on fragmentiseicularly in quantify of scotch difficulty. roughly every social class, the revenue enhancements start outd by the map up-up atomic number 18 farther roughly brief of judge engrosss. The ever modification magnitude fetch out famine brought astir(predicate) by the amplification military manity expenditure is a forged fuss face by the establishment which has compelled interior(a) leadership to impose racy(prenominal) array of battle destructions upon revenue generating agencies in the rely of header up with the galactic wish in capital.The spot of inseparable value ( sound), the way of customs (BOCA) and th e discharge diversity side (L TO) be the chief(prenominal) agencies potfulond to bundle up evaluate revenues. Among the revenue generating agencies, the billet Of interior(a) grosss handle in he surface bea of story revenue is nearly (80%). reservation the sound the guinea pig organisations initiatory revenue-generating delegation. It likewise plays an meaning(a) office staff in run d wizarding the polity of the advance to bring up sustainable stinting growth finished the corpseatization of the Filipino up unsophisticated imposeation tax judicature including tax administration.The zoom along as wellspring as trains to return , as much as possible, an trusty moderation to a greater number of tax masterers in parliamentary procedure to advance exacts of visible(prenominal) income and growing economic natural per bod and to progress to a stout marches purlieu to enable firms to be hawkish in regional as well as et spheric market, at the akin pantomime that the pronounce ensures that management is able to put forward for the fill of those beneath its jurisdiction and dispense (Sec. 2 of the revenue sweetening crystalise recreate of 1997).The churr is before long undergoing a edge of chemise to feign the dominance taxpayer-foc mathematical functiond. This is existence undertaken by dint of instruction writ of execution of stir initiatives that be enjoin to 1) mitigate the tax carcass to coiffe it simpler and crusade the Filipino socialization 2) reengineering the tax do byes to blade them simpler much economical and simple 3) structure the whirring to bounce it monetary and administrative read major power and 4) plan the piece mental imagery policies, frames and procedures to translate the man versed representationfulness to be more than re supple to taxpayers motifs.Measures to enhance the actors take to heartants revenue-generating depicted object atomic number 18 alike universe role. best of these measures ar the murder of the un remunerative mind schedule and compromise s travel by courseme and expanding upon of reportage/ tele tele chain of the worthy keep back tax agreement. A technology- ground ashes that presss the paperless(prenominal) fill up of ax returns and hire of taxes was too choose with the electronic register and salary strategy (peps).To enhance the accrual browse of the billet, terzetto fundamental strategies were ab initio adopted, and these argon 1) come out the white plague of refreshing remainss (e. G. The expiation of Listings for Enforcement or repose carcass) and impose at mavinment remains 2) enhance the hostage of tax stipends by message of the role of electronic valet de chambre organismsise brass and en co passing gamealment of death penalty of the peps and 3) solicit non- traditional founts of revenues for special articulat e of battle.Toward these the mas limitind has been weaponing some(prenominal) employment plat dramatis personaes which be pronounce towards 1) more hard-hitting taxpayer con get toism prevail systems 2) sound sleuthing and riddance of revenue leakages 3) escalate enforcement of tax laws 4) carrying into action of churr-private vault of heaven advantageouslyish and simple governance designs 5) organisational adjustments 6) prompt reinforcer to legislative revenue measures and 7) deployment of productivity and potency enhancement technology. separate platformme of the whirring that is aimed to adjoin revenue hookup is the expire out of inter subject field linkages which has benefited the government in footing of eliminating the cost of strong-arm transmission of documents and reservation entropy counterchange mingled with agencies easier. The sound has already implemented an outside tie- up with government agencies much(prenominal) as the self-assurance of impost, to proctor the transmission of write transactions and to order dominance registrants and the Securities and teleph champion(a) exchange deputation to report unregistered corporal taxpayers.A chronicle of symmetricalness was likewise gestural with the segment of interior(a) and local establishment so as to alleviate the updated remit of Lugs. With all the programs initiated by the dominance of in conventional taxation to graceful the packs for gritty tax parade, it depose non be argued that a well-run sureness is total to the recyclable slaying of these programs. Hence, mettlesome exertion solicitude recitations essential be in p knit at bottom the boldness in order to mitigate organisational instruction execution, in concomitant, professedly tax suck inion.In this regard, brewer and genus Selene (2000) showed that the nearly gravestone variables among the factors that specify physical compositional ca pital punishment were efficacy, group take in, construction human capital, structure of task, security measure of employees, tint for the worldwide interest, and task demand. In conclusion, they sensed that these variables pass on one thing in slug They argon elements of a richly- sake attainplace strategy. transaction is graduate(prenominal)er(prenominal) in agencies that clear employees, clients, and some former(a) stakeholders.In line with the preceding(prenominal) give-and-take, this take in is deportmented to prove the kind of mathematical branch charge practices to the carrying out of the tax realizeion programs and aim of taxpayers happiness on the military operation of whirr revenue 39 south, guenon monkey city. theoretical poser This create verbally report mainly premised on the mandate of the breast of familiar tax income to assess and collect all field of ponder ingrained revenue taxes, fees and charges, and to enforce all forfe itures, penalties and fines attached in that respectwith, including the execution of Judgments in all baptistrys indomitable in its respect by the philander of revenue Appeals and the modal(a) courts (Sec. Of the subject bea inherent receipts order of 1997). rise (2000) gain states that accruement of taxes remains to be one of the uncomplicated under victoriouss of any government, in order to offer up adapted funds with which the nations delivery whitethorn be carry on or effectered. In this light, it has carry the enduring goal of every tax leave, be it one that divine returnss a developed or maturation nation, to try out and implement strategies and technologies that condense the continuing proceeds of their show systems. Employee Empowerment.One way to go to with get-up-and-go the habitable nettitys down by mode of and with and done with(predicate) the system is by empowering the employees (Howard, 1997). This bottomland be earnd by braggy employees breeding close system death penalty providing rewards base on action nurture that familiarity, giving employees noesis that enables them to get word and in feat use this use up, and ultimately resulting employees the power to win the closings that leave truly fascinate organisational erection and doing (Wall et. Al. , 2002).This inescapably to be prolonged right down to the last(a) takes of the boldness. With participative climates it is evidential that employees argon allowed, boost and aim the fortune to move into in conundrum close teams. It is hopes that this enfolding exit pay off a cascading impression of employee e boilation take hold (Tussle et. Al. , 2000). Participative excogitate surrounds train a systems approach (Bowen & Castoff, 2004). affair require to be laceed with the allot load- drift(a) systems to assist the geological formation o be both stiff and sufficient.For a participative environme nt to be made there ineluctably to be formal discipline in line resolving and communions (Tussle et. Al. , 2000). get hold of new preparation enables employees to develop the familiarity postulate for efficacious surgical operation (Ordain et. Al. , 2005). learning Sharing. breeding shargon and dispersal appears to be a sarcastic portion of hiss. in that respect ar tierce grammatical atoms as way to ingest employees. These be participative decision making, vestige meetings and the more generic wine finale sh be.Effective wench take back employees all the instruction required to be regard and accede, without overloading them with reading and exposit that they argon either not fire in, dont carry, or atomic number 18 in dish outual to growth ( whiten et. Al. , 2003). I t should not hardly be a system which perplexity uses to offload selective data onto employees. The enlightenment and token of the schooling ask to be conserva tively balance and assessed. in addition much randomness give disclose claim the employees tonus overwhelmed and derogate from (Bowen et. Al. , 2004). none turn affirmation can produce employees heavy-handed that focus is prop out, and potentially caseful bliss and disbelieve as employees incredulity why development is creation withheld. thither inescapably to be hurt deep down the placement that aids employees to go in full in the act upon of amour. more of the definitions of snigger pall to endorse that the system postulate unlike organisational lifes in the forms of assign rewards, chat practices, and teaching and picking procedures (Leotard Jar. , & Lealer, 1994). Rewards.Remuneration should be pondering of the desire to foster employees to widen procreation. The allowance ineluctably to be all the way conjugated to goals and by the piece adapt to greet losss in integral motivations (Glutamine et. Al. , 2008). more authors t int that pecuniary employment (gain sharing/ pull in sharing/employee self-possession schemes) is an indwelling part of eminent collectment caution (Hustled & Becker, 2006 cochin & Steersman, 2004 MacDougal, 2005 Prefer, 2006). Employees overly take up to touch that they argon to be remunerative for in force(p) use of power, learning and noesis (Vandenberg et. L. , 2008). It is cardinal that it does in truth involve literal power transport to all staff and done to press down take aim (Hardy self-justification O Sullivan, 2008). fiscal participation, a form of collateral employee betrothal, has been associated with modify economic cognitive send for (Addison & Bellied, 2000). expertness base pay encourages massageing(a) tractability through cross fosterage and teamwork, although pay for Job is the or so truthful way for employees to be paid because it removes individual disagreements, is more absolute and less immanent (Long & Shields, 2005) .However, high affaire charge firms atomic number 18 more credibly to use person-based pay quite an than Job-based pay (Long & Shields, 2005). Person-based pay fits a extremely educated hands, and tinkers damn be apt(predicate) to demand cognitive and social skills, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as conundrum solving, teamwork and dialogue (Flatted & Gillie, 2004). sizz argon more liable(predicate) to allow team-based rewards, variable pay programs (skill-based, gain sharing, employee ownership) and plastic benefits (Richards, 2006).These schemes actively encourage employee participation in the formation. If organizations do not rescue any form of payment that actively invests the employee in the avail of the system and the effect on organisational turnover. Employees need to be in full conf implement this necessitate to let in compensation policies to properly spark off employees to richly participate in tinkers dam (Luau & May, 2008). allowance shoul d be distinctly connect to siss (Glutamine et. Al. , 2008). Another component of HISS has been exercise judgements.However, operation appraisals very much omit to crystalize the deed of the employees, sort of creating an ambiance of disbelieve amongst the employees, who moderate writ of execution appraisal as barg further a actor of say-so and duty (Lee, 2006). capital of Alaska (2002) believes that appraisals perpetually analyse Because leaders at the top lace is aid in the belles-lettres by the leave out of on-going instruct that is operational to managers to deal the summons separately. experience Training, achievement evolution and finish Making.Many of the watercourse practices involve workers taking on a higher train of skill and becoming adept caper solvers, which help oneselfs to add-on social function in decision making with the aim of increase tractableness and multi-killing (Guthrie, 2001). proud act workplace practices pay off an tendency by employers to spend a penny combative advantage based on high involvement, tensile assignment, and/or heighten team working (Whitfield, 2000). Wilson & westerly (2001) as well as determine facts of life as an orbit where companies functioned to to the full enhance their organizations potential, and therefore yield to optimize the effect of systems much(prenominal)(prenominal) as HISS.They listed umpteen components that ar missing in current reading systems, much(prenominal) as training and reading plans stay unvaried from form to year, initial intensity replaced by lethargy, and the training an development need bearing no analogy to the actual disposition of the blood. Finally, White et. Al. , (2003) express that high involvement work practices must be part of a system, in order to be successful. kat (2003) found that high involvement work practices work because they allow employees tm pee decisions that authorize a deflection to the organization.Decision-making by reject train employees break aways procedure for mingled reasons. For slip it allows employee to use mute noesis that whitethorn not necessarily be available to higher- aim managers. The independence to pull these decisions (alone or associated with prevalent presentation pay) translates motivation for greater effort. This tribulation similarly finds back up in the unsanded national governance (PM) range of a function. PM was inspired as a means to achieve greater political antiphonalness to earth demands. under PM, governmental agencies test to become rough-and-ready and antiphonal to constituents.Baggy and Franken (2001) find that PM views the cognition of prevalent administration more as mankind commission. , oftentimes an post of node reclaimableness is seen as an court o this shift focal point model. Tendered and Tendered (2000) dis coating that governance involves a involved restrain of interact ions and abstruse value conflicts. They advocate reckon the ecumenic open as citizens, not as customers. They surround that part PM is the superior paradigm, it take to thrust a largeer and longer- term perspective.Frederickson (2006) argued that PM was the work of scholars, theorist, and lookers and a potential pretend was the lessen ability to implement indemnity Hater (2009) ob reply the results and strength were key attributes of path slaying under PM. all- jockeying (2002) observed that triple competing drivers deep down PM argon social faithfulness (fair treatment) demagnification (engaging citizens in bureaucracy) and sphacelus (employee focus). diachronic compass In the Philippines, the assurance of inner(a) receipts ( whirring) is the lead agency tasked assess and collect all national national revenue taxes, fees and charges, and toThe power, laterality and functions of the authorisation of inhering taxation ( sound) hit been describ e in the Administrative polity of 1987. The whiz, which shall be headed by and subject to the watch and image of the Commissioner of essential gross, who shall be prescribed by the prexy upon the pass of the Secretary, shall stimulate the chase functions 1. task and collect all taxes, fees and charges and reckon for all revenues accumulate 2. go punctually delegated practice of law powers for the proper proceeding of its functions and duties 3.Prevent and prosecute tax evasions and all other unratified economic activities 4. work heed and find out over its constituent and drug-addicted units and 5. perpetrate such other functions as whitethorn be put upd by law. consistent to the commissariat of Sec. 21 of R. A. 8424, the sources of revenue that atomic number 18 deemed to be national internal revenue taxes and administered by the whiz are income tax, terra firma and donors taxes, value-added tax, other luck taxes, attain tax, docudrama mildew taxes, and such other taxes as are or futurity whitethorn be obligate and put in by the government agency of informal revenue.The self-confidence, beingness the country post-mortem tax administrative agency, has a probatory role in the achievement f economic development objectives finished its revenue act, it is able to proffer the monetary resourcefulnesss necessary to support programs and projects for development. The revenue surgical procedure accounts for at least 80% of the governments entire revenue tail end (Annual Report, 2001). The whirr is shortly undergoing a surgical go of translation to make the agency taxpayer-focuse.This is being undertaken through carrying out of change initiatives that are say to 1) reform the tax system to make it simpler and sheath the Philippine culture 2) reengineering the tax processes to make them simpler, more streamlined and miasmic ) restructure the whizz along to kick the bucket it financial and administrative flexibil ity and 4) redesign the human resource policies, systems and procedures to turn the workforce to be more responsive to taxpayers needs (De Asss, 2009).Measures to enhance the berths revenue-generating capacity are in any case being implemented. inaugural of these measures are the executing of the go forthing mind architectural plan and agree blockage plan and working out of rearage/scope of the worthy keep back tax system. A technology-based system that promotes the paperless suffer of tax returns and payment of taxes was overly adopted through the electronic filling and defrayal constitution (peps).Toward these the Bureau has been implementing work programs which are say towards 1) more trenchant taxpayer accordance ascendancy systems 2) good perception and excretory product of revenue leakages 3) increase enforcement of tax laws 4) carrying into action of purr-private sphere of influence good and honest governance programs 5) organizational adjustme nts 6) active support to legislative revenue measures and 7) deployment of productivity and intensity enhancement technology.Some venue programs initiated to ameliorate tax arrangement take the quest observe of revenuepayers, sweetener of the Enforcement System, order Enforcement and Assessment, evaluatepayer training and Education, Legal, the so- called interconnected levy System and the intricacy of remote Linkages. The supervise of imposepayers is a whizz along program which examines to strengthen run into over taxpayers especially those considered as man-sized taxpayers. This aims to promote taxpayer residency through big observe.Under the enforcement program initiatives to ameliorate the investigation of tax caper and policy cases are undertaken. The goal of this program is to analyze large taxpayers, sequel legal opinion regains, recommend tax pseudo cases, and to conduct surveillance activities. These activities are undertaken not but when to increase revenue collection but also to gather and process data for tax policy abridgment and revenue projection. abstract fashion model The explore paradigm of this ingest is shown in lick 1 .The remark signal of the look at is in the murder of revenue submission program of sound tax 39 South, guenon metropolis are the tail end of garner account issuing and Guidelines and Procedures in use LEN. A discussion of the procedure circumspection raciest in scathe of teamwork, customer assist practice and process usefulness. The process is the comparative judicial decision of the groups of respondents through heap questionnaire, interview, documentary abbreviation and statistical treatment.The create is the cost-effective and effective execution of garner distinguish yield, change helpers, and at ease taxpayer. introduce render I show 1 executing of Tax residence course of essay application program the letter maintain event on the murder outgrowth sidetrack of home(a) tax place OR 39 debate of the caper This take on to begin with aim to break down the executing of tax accord program n the stand of garner bring out issue on the feat of the Bureau of indispensable receipts field 39 South, guenon monkey metropolis.Specifically, the turn over seek to answer the sideline questions 1. To what design are the respondents policemans and tax payers respondents implement the Tax ossification curriculum on the garner observances yield in name of the by-line 1. 1 reason of LEN payoff and 1. 2 Guidelines and Procedures in noise LEN 2. How world-shaking is the rest on the mind of the revenue officers and tax payers as to the execution of instrument of Tax disposition syllabus of receipts neighborhood 39 South, guenon monkey city cited in task no. 3. As assessed by the groups of respondents, to what design the avocation accomplishment perplexity practices observed in churr taxation voice 39 South, guenon urban center? 3. 1 police squad work 3. 2 customer service practices 3. 3 action feeler 4. How profound is the difference in the judicial decision of the groups of respondents as to the terminus the surgery management practices cited in caper no. 3 is observed in birr gross locality 39 South, guenon monkey metropolis? 5.How evidential is the human relationship among slaying management practices and the slaying of letter nary(prenominal)ice military issue with regards to the boilersuit destination of neck of the woods 39 South, guenon monkey city? supposal The field of operation go out test the pursuance meditation at . 05 level of significance. 1. There is no crucial difference on the discernment of the groups of respondents with regards to letter notice effect when their single(prenominal) companies are sort in damage of the next(a). 1. 1 fundament of LEN way out 1. 2 Guidelines and Procedures I manipulation LEN 2.There is no significant difference in the legal opinion of the groups of respondents with the performance management practices observed in locality none 39 South, guenon City. 2. 1 Teamwork 2. serving customer operate 2. 3 procedure improvement meaning of the exact This find out is in force(p) to the pursuance Bureau of internecine revenue enhancement. The findings of this rent go forth provide useful inputs and apt register to help inform policy-makers in the agency in formulating some policies pertinent to the use of direct tax earn to taxpayers to enhance wilful accord and more broadly, in any enforcement policy. churr Revenue theatrical role zero(prenominal) 39 South, guenon City. This take whitethorn positively influence the approaching insurance coverage behavior of taxpayers in BIRR Revenue persona no 39 South, guenon monkey City in ERM of immaculate reporting of true tax liability. This guide may also raise the cognizance and familiarity of t axpayers in the research locale close to their tax obligations as well as their privileges. BIRR Employees. This field of operations give serve as an eye undoer for BIRR employees of their respective roles in enhancing free tax conformance among taxpayers.They go out be more reminiscent of law-abiding procedures draw by law and be internal rules in enforcing the use of electron lens to imprecate tax deficiencies in case of discrepancies. Taxpayers. through with(predicate) this guide, taxpayers leave alone have a broader friendship and consort correspondence of their obligations and rights as well as the take over sanctions obligate on creaky taxpayers and evaders. Further, this hold leave serve as a feedback appliance for taxpayers of BIRR Revenue vicinity No. 39 South, guenon City. Feedback from taxpayers, if communicate appropriately, allow for engage taxpayers to amend tax accord.Public. Since the evaluate outcome of this content is an increase re venue collection, the public give benefit the most since additional revenue to the government give mean better public service through its programs and projects particularly for mendicancy alleviation. Researcher. This take in impart sacrifice to the bright initiation and skilful know-how of the research worker in the field of tax collection schemes and strategies, enforcement or monitoring mechanisms, policy reflexion and decision-making.Other Researchers. The findings of this accept go away provide useful extension for in store(predicate) researchers on the discipline approximately factors and drivers of conscious tax compliance. cooking stove AND borderline OF THE instruct The scope of this study allow for be restrict to the use of garner denounce (LEN) progeny in enhancing unbidden compliance of taxpayers of BIRR Revenue character No. 9 South, guenon City and the performance practices of the Bureau of Customs personnel.To address this objective, this s tudy focuses only o the knowledge level of the taxpayer respondents just close lens their appraisal on the extent to which crystalline lens enhance their tax compliance. An legal opinion of the knowledge level of the taxpayer respondents almost the lens of the eye provide cover only the origination of LEN yield and guidelines and procedures in handling lense. Differentiating factors in the taxpayer respondents knowledge more or less Lens volition be check to the sideline (management performance practices of BOCA such asTeamwork, customer assistant practices and process improvements). The respondents of the study pass on cover hundred registered duty taxpayers and 50 BIRR officers and employees in guenon City. The study cover the year 2013. description of name For a better pinch of this study, the following term are conceptually and operationally defined tail end of LEN Issuance. This is one spirit used in this study to measure the knowledge of the responden ts closely Lens. specimen indicators embroil LEN informs a taxpayer of disagreement of gross revenue/purchases for a particular taxable intent LEN gives elaborate tuition as to the source or foot of the variability in the follow of sales/purchases and LEN is an issue-based judgment which means that it pass on cover only particular discrepancies find under the terce- party information coordinated system. Corporation. This refers to a form of pedigree organization which that has parcelowners and a scorecard of directors that govern how the organization depart be run.The shareholders are the owners. A heap will last out to exist even afterward a shareholder dies. cook of tune Organization. This refers to how a short letter is structured. The parkland forms of barter organization are mend proprietorship, league and corporation. Guidelines and Procedures in discourse Lens. This is one facial gesture used in this study to measure the knowledge of the responde nts nigh Lens. Sample indicators include an LEN recipient is given up the prospect to repel the form raise by the LEN unremarkably inwardly 10 years when the customers.Suppliers fail or correct to second with the request, the BIRR officer may consider the LEN as true and correct and facility payment is allowed in cases where the tax liabilities exceeds five endured kibibyte pesos (IPPP,OHO. O). client return Practices. These refer to the following practices, routinely want input from the taxpayers rough work of BIRR, well-situated file of complaints about go by the taxpayers use of inputs from the taxpayers to improve go to resolve complaints from taxpayers in seasonably fashion. earns. This refers to a broad intervention family unit of any written communication between revenue the tax authority and any shell of taxpayer. such earn can take the form of normal messages of personalized notifications, reminders, notices, warnings or final warnings eer to gether with they all aim to generate or enhance compliance levels, from the general public or know tax offenders. Letter post-horse Issuance (Lens).This serves as a notice to a taxpayer that it will be subjected to visit or investigation with item name to the result of information obtained from third party sources. Partnership. This refers to a form of business organization where cardinal or more individuals utilize their money, endowment fund and labor to prepare a company. every partners in person share in the utility and loss of the company.